Indicators Library
Explore all built-in technical indicators available in SignalX with explanations, practical usage guidance and default configurations.
🚀 Momentum
Buyer/Seller Power
How it works
Developed by J. Welles Wilder, ASI accumulates the Swing Index values to create a cumulative line that attempts to show the 'real price' based on OHLC relationships.
Practical Use
Trend confirmation, early breakout signals.
Pro Tip
ASI breaking a previous significant high before price does is an early breakout warning.
Default Parameters
Limit Move: 1
How it works
BOP = (Close - Open) / (High - Low). Values near +1 mean buyers dominated the entire bar; near -1 mean sellers dominated. Smoothed over N periods.
Practical Use
Buyer/seller strength analysis, divergence, trend confirmation.
Pro Tip
BOP trending toward zero during a price uptrend signals weakening buying pressure.
Default Parameters
Smoothing: 14
How it works
Bull Power = High - EMA. Bear Power = Low - EMA. Developed by Dr. Alexander Elder. Buy when both indicators turn up from negative; sell when both turn down from positive.
Practical Use
Identifying dominant market force, entry timing in trend direction.
Pro Tip
Best buy signal: uptrend (price above EMA), Bear Power negative but rising - bears losing grip.
Default Parameters
Period: 13
How it works
The Swing Index uses OHLC data to score each bar's strength from -100 to +100. It factors in opening prices, making it more complete than close-only indicators.
Practical Use
Bar strength measurement, base for ASI.
Pro Tip
Very high positive Swing Index on a breakout bar confirms institutional commitment to the move.
Default Parameters
Limit Move: 1
MACD & Price Oscillators
How it works
MACD = 12 EMA - 26 EMA. Signal = 9 EMA of MACD. Histogram = MACD - Signal. When MACD crosses above signal, momentum is turning bullish.
Practical Use
Trend direction, momentum shifts, divergence analysis.
Pro Tip
The histogram shrinking before a crossover is the earliest warning - act before the line cross.
Default Parameters
Fast: 12, Slow: 26, Signal: 9
How it works
PPO = ((Fast EMA - Slow EMA) / Slow EMA) × 100. Functionally similar to MACD but expressed as a percentage, making it useful for comparing momentum across stocks with very different price levels.
Practical Use
Cross-instrument momentum comparison, same signals as MACD.
Pro Tip
Use PPO when comparing two stocks' momentum on the same chart - percentage scale makes it fair.
Default Parameters
Fast: 12, Slow: 26, Signal: 9
How it works
Similar to MACD but uses SMA instead of EMA by default. The oscillator shows whether the short-term average is above or below the long-term average.
Practical Use
Trend confirmation, momentum shifts.
Pro Tip
A widening oscillator confirms trend strength; narrowing warns of a potential reversal.
Default Parameters
Fast: 10, Slow: 21
Oscillators
How it works
CoG uses a linearly-weighted sum to find the center of mass of recent closing prices. It oscillates with near-zero lag and can predict turning points before they happen.
Practical Use
Early reversal detection, zero-lag timing.
Pro Tip
CoG peaks and troughs often precede price peaks and troughs by 1-2 bars - useful for early exits.
Default Parameters
Period: 10
How it works
CMO = ((Sum of up days - Sum of down days) / (Sum of up days + Sum of down days)) × 100. Ranges from -100 to +100. Used as the base for VIDYA.
Practical Use
Momentum measurement, overbought/oversold, base for other indicators.
Pro Tip
CMO at extreme levels (+/-70) combined with price divergence is a powerful reversal signal.
Default Parameters
Period: 14
How it works
CCI = (Typical Price - SMA) / (0.015 × Mean Deviation). Above +100 signals overbought or the start of a strong trend; below -100 signals oversold.
Practical Use
Overbought/oversold conditions, trend direction, divergence.
Pro Tip
CCI staying persistently above +100 in a strong trend means momentum - don't fade it.
Default Parameters
Period: 20
How it works
Coppock = WMA(ROC(11) + ROC(14), 10). Originally designed for monthly charts. A signal fires when the indicator turns up from below zero - historically coinciding with major buying opportunities.
Practical Use
Major market bottom identification, long-term buy signals.
Pro Tip
Most powerful on monthly or weekly charts - the Coppock turning up monthly has caught every major bull market start.
Default Parameters
Short ROC: 11, Long ROC: 14, WMA: 10
How it works
The Fisher Transform converts price ratios into a nearly Gaussian distribution, making extremes more obvious. Values above +1.5 indicate overbought; below -1.5 indicate oversold.
Practical Use
Sharp reversal detection, timing entries and exits.
Pro Tip
Fisher Transform peaks and troughs are very sharp - they often pinpoint exact turning points.
Default Parameters
Period: 10
How it works
IMI uses the relationship between open and close (like a candle body) instead of close-to-close changes used in RSI. Particularly suited to intraday timeframes.
Practical Use
Intraday momentum, overbought/oversold on fast charts.
Pro Tip
IMI is best on 1-5 minute charts where open/close relationships carry more meaning.
Default Parameters
Period: 14
How it works
PGO = (Close - N-period SMA) / N-period ATR. Expresses price deviation from the mean in units of average true range, making it volatility-normalized.
Practical Use
Volatility-normalized momentum, identifying statistical extremes.
Pro Tip
PGO consistently above +1 in an uptrend confirms strong momentum - pullbacks to 0 are buyable.
Default Parameters
Period: 14
How it works
RSS applies the RSI calculation to the spread (difference between two prices or bid/ask). Used in spread trading and pairs trading to identify relative momentum between two instruments.
Practical Use
Spread trading, pairs trading momentum.
Pro Tip
RSS works best in pairs strategies to identify when the spread mean-reversion signal is firing.
Default Parameters
Period: 10
How it works
RSI compares average gains to average losses over N periods, scaling the result from 0-100. Above 70 = overbought (potential sell); below 30 = oversold (potential buy). Divergence is one of the most reliable reversal signals.
Practical Use
Overbought/oversold readings, divergence, trend strength confirmation.
Pro Tip
In strong trends, RSI can stay overbought for extended periods - wait for a cross back under 70 before selling.
Default Parameters
Period: 14
How it works
StochRSI = (RSI - Lowest RSI) / (Highest RSI - Lowest RSI). It reaches extreme levels more frequently than RSI, making it better for timing entries.
Practical Use
Fine-tuning entries within RSI-confirmed trend, timing reversals.
Pro Tip
Use RSI for direction (trend bias) and StochRSI for timing the entry within that bias.
Default Parameters
RSI Period: 14, Stoch Period: 14
How it works
Stochastics measures where the closing price sits within the high-low range. The %K line and its %D smoothed signal line oscillate 0-100.
Practical Use
Identifying turning points, overbought/oversold zones, crossover signals.
Pro Tip
Most reliable when used in the direction of the primary trend - only take oversold signals in uptrends.
Default Parameters
%K: 14, %D: 3, Smooth: 3
How it works
Uses the raw %K (no smoothing) with a simple %D signal line. Much more reactive to price changes than Slow Stochastics. Generates many more signals but also many more false ones.
Practical Use
Short-term overbought/oversold signals, fast crossovers.
Pro Tip
On fast charts (1-5 min), Fast Stochastics combined with a trend filter can be very effective.
Default Parameters
%K: 5, %D: 3
How it works
TRIX = 1-period percentage change of a triple-smoothed EMA. The triple smoothing eliminates cycles shorter than the period. Signal line crossovers generate buy/sell signals.
Practical Use
Trend following with cycle filtering, divergence.
Pro Tip
TRIX is a lagging indicator by design - use it to confirm, not initiate, trade entries.
Default Parameters
Period: 14
How it works
TSI applies two EMA smoothing passes to the one-period price change, then divides by two smoothed passes of the absolute price change. Extremely smooth signal.
Practical Use
Smooth momentum analysis, trend confirmation, divergence.
Pro Tip
TSI's smoothness makes its divergences very reliable - price making new highs but TSI declining is a strong warning.
Default Parameters
Long: 25, Short: 13
How it works
Uses three different timeframes (7, 14, 28 bars) weighted (4, 2, 1) and combines them to reduce the false divergence signals common in single-period oscillators.
Practical Use
Divergence analysis, overbought/oversold confirmation.
Pro Tip
Williams' specific 3-step divergence rules are very precise - look them up before trading this indicator.
Default Parameters
Periods: 7, 14, 28
How it works
%R = (Highest High - Close) / (Highest High - Lowest Low) × -100. Ranges from 0 to -100. Near 0 = price closed near period's high (strong); near -100 = closed near low.
Practical Use
Overbought/oversold signals, timing reversals.
Pro Tip
Failure swings (enters oversold, exits, re-enters but doesn't make new low) are strong reversal signals.
Default Parameters
Period: 14
Rate of Change & Forecast
How it works
CFO = ((Close - Linear Regression Forecast) / Close) × 100. When positive, price is above its regression forecast (bullish momentum); when negative, it's below.
Practical Use
Momentum analysis, trend deviation measurement.
Pro Tip
CFO works well for mean reversion when it hits extreme values - price tends to pull back to zero.
Default Parameters
Period: 14
How it works
FOSC measures the difference between current price and the linear regression forecast as a percentage. It oscillates around zero.
Practical Use
Trend deviation, momentum shifts, regression-based signals.
Pro Tip
Extreme FOSC readings followed by a cross back to zero often precede sharp corrections.
Default Parameters
Period: 14
How it works
Momentum = Current Close - Close N periods ago. Above 100 = upward momentum; below = downward. Crossing the zero line is a basic buy/sell signal.
Practical Use
Momentum direction, zero-line crossovers, divergence.
Pro Tip
Momentum diverging from price is a high-quality reversal setup - especially on daily charts.
Default Parameters
Period: 10
How it works
ROC = ((Close - Close N periods ago) / Close N periods ago) × 100. Identical in concept to Momentum but expressed as a percentage.
Practical Use
Trend confirmation, momentum measurement, divergence.
Pro Tip
ROC reaching historical extremes signals exhaustion - look for divergence to confirm.
Default Parameters
Period: 12
Relative Strength
How it works
CRS = (Stock Price / Benchmark Price) × 100. Rising CRS means the stock is outperforming the benchmark. Used extensively in sector rotation.
Practical Use
Stock selection, sector rotation, identifying market leaders.
Pro Tip
Buy stocks with rising RS during pullbacks - leaders stay strong even when the index dips.
Default Parameters
Compare symbol
💡 Other
Esoteric & Cycles
How it works
Moon Phases overlays lunar cycle markers (new moon, full moon, quarter phases) on the price chart. Used by astro-traders and cycle analysts who believe lunar cycles correlate with market sentiment.
Practical Use
Astro-trading research, cycle analysis.
Pro Tip
Combine with other cycle tools - lunar phases alone are not a trading system.
How it works
PNB draws bands based on the nearest prime numbers above and below the current price. The theory is that prime numbers represent natural mathematical support and resistance levels.
Practical Use
Unconventional support/resistance levels.
Pro Tip
Combine PNB with conventional support/resistance - confluence at a prime number level strengthens it.
Default Parameters
Deviation: 5
How it works
PNO measures how far the current price is from the nearest prime number in either direction. Values near zero indicate price is very close to a prime number (potential support/resistance zone).
Practical Use
Prime number proximity measure, support/resistance timing.
Pro Tip
Most useful as a confirmatory tool when other indicators are also signaling at the same price zone.
💡 Pattern
Bar Patterns
How it works
Encapsulation (inside bar) marks bars where the high is lower than the previous bar's high AND the low is higher than the previous bar's low. Signals consolidation and potential energy buildup.
Practical Use
Consolidation detection, breakout anticipation.
Pro Tip
Multiple consecutive encapsulations create an even stronger coil - the subsequent breakout tends to be more powerful.
How it works
An up fractal forms when a bar's high is the highest of the bar plus two bars on each side; a down fractal is the mirror with lows. Fractals confirm only after the following bars close, so they mark swing points with a delay of two bars.
Practical Use
Identifying swing highs/lows, breakout levels, stop-loss placement.
Pro Tip
A close above the latest up fractal in an uptrend is a breakout signal; place stops just beyond the last opposite fractal.
Default Parameters
Bars: 2
How it works
A Key Reversal Down bar makes a higher high than the previous bar but closes below the previous bar's close. This shows that buyers initially pushed higher but sellers overwhelmed them.
Practical Use
Top identification, shorting setups.
Pro Tip
Volume confirmation is crucial - a Key Reversal Down on 2× average volume is much more reliable.
How it works
A Key Reversal Up bar makes a lower low but closes above the previous bar's close. Shows sellers initially took price lower but buyers overwhelmed them by the close.
Practical Use
Bottom identification, buying setups.
Pro Tip
The larger the wick-to-body ratio on a Key Reversal Up, the stronger the signal.
How it works
Simply counts how many bars in a row have closed lower than the previous bar. Useful for identifying potential exhaustion of a selling move.
Practical Use
Oversold exhaustion, mean-reversion signals.
Pro Tip
3–5 consecutive down days in a bullish trend often create excellent buying opportunities.
Default Parameters
N: 3
How it works
Counts consecutive bars that close higher than the previous bar. Used for identifying overbought exhaustion conditions in mean-reversion strategies.
Practical Use
Overbought exhaustion, mean-reversion signals, DeMark-style setups.
Pro Tip
9 consecutive up bars is a significant exhaustion signal - used in Tom DeMark's Sequential.
Default Parameters
N: 3
Candlestick Patterns
How it works
Scans each bar against standard candlestick pattern rules and labels matches directly on the chart. Single-bar patterns (Doji, Hammer, Shooting Star) and multi-bar patterns (Engulfing, Harami, Morning/Evening Star) show buyer/seller sentiment shifts at key levels.
Practical Use
Spotting potential reversals and continuations without manually reading every candle.
Pro Tip
Patterns work best at support/resistance or after a clear trend - a Hammer in the middle of a range means little.
Default Parameters
Pattern: All
📉 Statistical
Price Transforms
How it works
Median Price removes the closing price and focuses purely on the midpoint of the bar's range. It's used as a more stable price reference than the close.
Practical Use
Alternative price input, smooth trend line.
Pro Tip
Apply a moving average to Median Price for a smoother trend line than close-based MAs.
How it works
Typical Price is the average of High, Low, and Close. More representative than Close alone because it incorporates the full bar's range. Used as the input price for VWAP, CCI, Money Flow, and other indicators.
Practical Use
Base calculation for many indicators (VWAP, CCI, MFI).
Pro Tip
Substitute Typical Price for Close when building custom indicators - produces more stable results.
How it works
Weighted Close = (High + Low + 2 × Close) / 4. Similar to Typical Price but emphasizes the close by counting it twice.
Practical Use
Price input for indicators, more close-weighted analysis.
Pro Tip
Weighted Close applied to EMA creates a responsive but noise-reduced trend line.
Returns & Performance
How it works
Deviation to MA = ((Close - MA) / MA) × 100. Shows how far price has stretched from its mean in percentage terms.
Practical Use
Mean reversion timing, identifying stretched conditions.
Pro Tip
Backtest the historical max deviation for your specific instrument - it varies significantly between stocks.
Default Parameters
Period: 20
How it works
Log Change = ln(Close / Previous Close) × 100. Log returns are additive over time, making them preferable to simple percentage returns for multi-period analysis.
Practical Use
Statistical analysis, volatility calculation, algorithmic strategy development.
Pro Tip
Log returns are essential if you're building any statistical or quantitative strategies.
How it works
Performance Index = ((Current Close - First Close in period) / First Close in period) × 100. Allows direct comparison of multiple instruments' performance on the same scale.
Practical Use
Multi-instrument performance comparison.
Pro Tip
Pin Performance Index to a specific date (earnings, IPO, etc.) to compare stocks against a common starting point.
Rolling Statistics
How it works
The MAX indicator shows the rolling highest price over N periods. When price falls below the MAX line, it shows that the recent high is no longer being challenged.
Practical Use
Rolling high reference, trailing stop calculation.
Pro Tip
Use MAX as an automatic trailing resistance - shorts below MAX, close shorts above it.
Default Parameters
Period: 14
How it works
The MIN indicator shows the rolling lowest price over N periods. When price rallies above the MIN line, the recent low is no longer being threatened.
Practical Use
Rolling low reference, trailing stop calculation.
Pro Tip
Use MIN as a dynamic stop floor - as MIN rises, trail your stop up with it.
Default Parameters
Period: 14
How it works
SUM calculates the rolling sum of any input value over N periods. Most commonly used as a building block in other indicators.
Practical Use
Building block for indicator construction.
Pro Tip
Summing volume over 5 periods shows weekly cumulative volume - useful for breakout confirmation.
Default Parameters
Period: 10
📈 Trend
Moving Averages
How it works
DEMA = (2 × EMA) - EMA of EMA. This construction nearly eliminates the lag inherent in a single EMA while preserving its smoothness. It reacts to trend changes earlier, which is useful for fast-moving markets but can generate more false signals in choppy conditions.
Practical Use
Early trend identification, faster crossover signals.
Pro Tip
Combine DEMA with a slower SMA to reduce false signals from DEMA's sensitivity.
Default Parameters
Period: 14
How it works
EMA = (Close × k) + (Previous EMA × (1 - k)), where k = 2 / (N + 1). Recent bars carry more weight, so the line turns sooner than an SMA of the same period while staying reasonably smooth. It is the building block for MACD, DEMA, TEMA and many other indicators.
Practical Use
Trend direction, dynamic support/resistance, crossover signals.
Pro Tip
Use 9/21 EMA crossovers for intraday and 50/200 EMA for positional trend bias. Price holding above a rising EMA in a pullback is a classic continuation setup.
Default Parameters
Period: 14
How it works
HMA uses weighted moving averages with a square-root period to achieve near-zero lag. Calculated as: WMA(2×WMA(n/2) - WMA(n), vn). One of the most responsive trend indicators available.
Practical Use
Trend direction, fast entry/exit signals.
Pro Tip
Color-code HMA - green slope = long bias, red slope = short bias. Very reliable visual cue.
Default Parameters
Period: 14
How it works
KAMA uses an Efficiency Ratio (ER) to dynamically adjust smoothing. In trending markets it behaves like a fast EMA; in choppy markets it flattens and filters noise.
Practical Use
Adaptive trend following, avoiding whipsaws in sideways markets.
Pro Tip
When KAMA is nearly flat, the market is ranging - wait for a directional move before trading.
Default Parameters
Period: 10
How it works
Invented by John McGinley, this indicator adjusts its smoothing based on the ratio of current price to previous value. It automatically compensates for market speed changes.
Practical Use
Consistent trend following across changing market speeds.
Pro Tip
McGinley Dynamic hugs price closely in trends - a separation is often a reversal signal.
Default Parameters
Period: 14
How it works
SMA adds the last N closing prices and divides by N, giving every bar equal weight. It is smooth and easy to read but lags more than weighted or exponential averages, and a big bar dropping out of the window can cause a sudden jump.
Practical Use
Long-term trend identification, support/resistance, golden/death cross signals.
Pro Tip
Watch the 50 and 200 SMA on daily charts - price reacting at these levels is widely followed, and a 50 crossing above 200 is the 'golden cross'.
Default Parameters
Period: 14
How it works
TMA applies the SMA twice, weighting middle values more heavily. The result is an extremely smooth curve that filters noise well but lags considerably.
Practical Use
Long-term trend identification, noise filtering.
Pro Tip
Pair TMA with a faster EMA - trade in TMA's direction using EMA for timing.
Default Parameters
Period: 14
How it works
TEMA = (3 × EMA) - (3 × EMA of EMA) + EMA of EMA of EMA. Reduces lag further than DEMA. Excellent at hugging price during strong trends but can whipsaw during consolidations.
Practical Use
Intraday trend following, breakout confirmation.
Pro Tip
Use on 5–15 min charts for intraday setups. Avoid in sideways/range-bound markets.
Default Parameters
Period: 14
How it works
Developed by Tushar Chande, VIDYA uses the absolute value of CMO as a volatility index to scale an EMA's smoothing factor. It moves faster when CMO indicates strong directional momentum.
Practical Use
Momentum-adaptive trend following.
Pro Tip
VIDYA flattening during a trend can be an early exit signal - momentum is fading.
Default Parameters
Period: 14
How it works
VMA modifies its smoothing constant based on a volatility index (typically CMO-based). During high-volatility trending periods it tracks price aggressively; during low-volatility periods it slows down.
Practical Use
Volatility-aware trend signals.
Pro Tip
Watch VMA slope changes as an early warning of trend acceleration or exhaustion.
Default Parameters
Period: 9
How it works
WMA multiplies each price by its position in the period (most recent = N, oldest = 1), then divides by the sum of weights. Faster than SMA but smoother than EMA.
Practical Use
Trend following with better responsiveness than SMA.
Pro Tip
WMA responds well to breakouts - watch for price reclaiming WMA after a pullback.
Default Parameters
Period: 14
How it works
WWS applies a unique smoothing factor (1/N) rather than the standard EMA factor (2/(N+1)). This makes it slower-reacting and smoother. It is the foundation of many of Wilder's indicators.
Practical Use
Smooth trend baseline, used internally in RSI/ATR/ADX.
Pro Tip
Understand WWS to understand why RSI/ATR feel 'slow' - the smoothing is by design.
Default Parameters
Period: 14
How it works
ZLEMA adds a correction factor based on the difference between current and prior data to remove the inherent lag of a standard EMA. Tracks price nearly in real time during strong trends.
Practical Use
Fast trend signals, low-lag crossover strategies.
Pro Tip
ZLEMA is very sensitive - use a trend filter to avoid trading noise in choppy conditions.
Default Parameters
Period: 14
Regression
How it works
The linear regression line shows the statistical best-fit of recent price data, revealing the underlying trend direction and angle. Steeper slope = stronger trend.
Practical Use
Trend direction and strength, mean reversion signals.
Pro Tip
The angle of the regression line matters - a shallow slope in a trend often signals it's stalling.
Default Parameters
Period: 14
How it works
This is the ending value of the linear regression line - essentially where the line points to on the next bar. It serves as a dynamic price target or mean value.
Practical Use
Short-term price forecasting, mean reversion targets.
Pro Tip
When price gaps far above/below the forecast, mean reversion to it is highly probable.
Default Parameters
Period: 14
How it works
Represents where the linear regression line crosses the leftmost bar of the calculation period. Used in conjunction with slope to reconstruct the full regression line.
Practical Use
Component of linear regression strategies.
Pro Tip
Primarily useful for algo traders building regression channel strategies.
Default Parameters
Period: 14
How it works
Measures how much the linear regression line rises or falls per bar. Positive and increasing = accelerating uptrend; crossing zero = potential trend reversal.
Practical Use
Trend momentum measurement, divergence analysis.
Pro Tip
Slope diverging from price is an early reversal warning - price makes new highs but slope doesn't.
Default Parameters
Period: 14
How it works
TSF applies linear regression over a rolling window and plots the forecast value as a continuous line. It acts like a smoothed moving average but with predictive rather than lagging characteristics.
Practical Use
Trend following with minimal lag, dynamic support/resistance.
Pro Tip
TSF serves as excellent dynamic support in uptrends - watch for price bounces off TSF.
Default Parameters
Period: 14
Support & Resistance
How it works
Pivot Point (PP) = (High + Low + Close) / 3 of the previous period. Supports (S1-S3) and resistances (R1-R3) are derived from PP and the prior range. Levels are fixed for the whole period, so traders see them in advance. Variants include Classic, Fibonacci, Camarilla and Woodie.
Practical Use
Intraday support/resistance, target and stop-loss levels, bias for the day.
Pro Tip
Price above PP = bullish day bias, below = bearish. Very popular for Nifty/Bank Nifty intraday - watch R1/S1 for first reactions.
Default Parameters
Type: Classic, Timeframe: Daily
Trend Strength & Direction
How it works
Aroon Up = (Period - bars since highest high) / Period × 100. When Aroon Up is above 70 and Aroon Down is below 30, a strong uptrend exists. Crossovers signal potential trend changes.
Practical Use
Trend detection, trend strength, early trend change signals.
Pro Tip
Aroon crossing 50 from below (Up) or above (Down) is a high-probability trend initiation signal.
Default Parameters
Period: 25
How it works
The oscillator swings between -100 and +100. Values above zero indicate bullish bias; below zero indicate bearish bias. Crossing the zero line is a trend change signal.
Practical Use
Simplified trend bias, zero-line crossover signals.
Pro Tip
Strong trends show the oscillator staying persistently above/below 50 for extended periods.
Default Parameters
Period: 25
How it works
ADX measures the strength of any trend - up or down. Values 0-20: weak/ranging; 20-25: emerging trend; 25-50: strong trend; 50+: very strong.
Practical Use
Trend strength filter, distinguishing trending from ranging markets.
Pro Tip
Only apply trend-following strategies when ADX > 25. Use range strategies when ADX < 20.
Default Parameters
Period: 14
How it works
ADXR = (Current ADX + ADX N periods ago) / 2. Smoothing reduces false signals. Slower to signal trend changes than raw ADX, but more reliable.
Practical Use
Persistent trend strength confirmation.
Pro Tip
ADXR above 25 and rising = highest quality conditions for trend-following strategies.
Default Parameters
Period: 14
How it works
+DI measures upward movement; -DI measures downward movement. When +DI is above -DI, bulls are dominant. Crossovers generate buy/sell signals.
Practical Use
Directional bias, crossover buy/sell signals.
Pro Tip
The best trades happen when ADX is rising and +DI/-DI spread is widening simultaneously.
Default Parameters
Period: 14
How it works
PFE compares the direct price change over N periods to the sum of all individual bar changes. Values near +100 = maximum upward efficiency; near -100 = maximum downward efficiency.
Practical Use
Trend/chop filter, momentum efficiency measurement.
Pro Tip
Use PFE to switch between trend-following and mean-reversion strategies automatically.
Default Parameters
Period: 10
How it works
RAVI = |Short SMA - Long SMA| / Long SMA × 100. Values above 3% indicate a trending market; below 3% indicate a ranging market.
Practical Use
Trend/range filter, confirming trend strength.
Pro Tip
Use RAVI as a gating filter - only trade your trend-following system when RAVI > 3%.
Default Parameters
Short: 7, Long: 65
Trend Systems
How it works
The Darvas Box draws rectangles around price consolidation zones. When price breaks above a box, it's a buy signal. The concept was documented in the 1960 book 'How I Made $2,000,000 in the Stock Market'.
Practical Use
Breakout trading, identifying accumulation zones.
Pro Tip
Most powerful when the box forms near 52-week highs with increasing volume on the breakout.
Default Parameters
ATR multiplier: 1
How it works
GRI analyzes price ranges using Gann's geometric relationships to identify when price has traveled a natural distance that may cause a reversal or consolidation.
Practical Use
Identifying natural reversal zones using Gann theory.
Pro Tip
Combine with Gann angles or Fibonacci levels for confluent reversal signals.
Default Parameters
Period: 10
How it works
Ichimoku plots five lines: Tenkan-sen (fast), Kijun-sen (slow), Senkou Span A & B (forming the cloud/Kumo), and Chikou Span (lagging). Price above green cloud = bullish; below red cloud = bearish.
Practical Use
Complete trend analysis: direction, strength, support, resistance, and momentum.
Pro Tip
The cloud is the most important part - only trade in the direction of the cloud's color.
Default Parameters
Tenkan: 9, Kijun: 26, Senkou: 52
How it works
SuperTrend uses ATR to set a trailing stop that flips direction when price crosses it. The line acts as dynamic support in uptrends and resistance in downtrends.
Practical Use
Trend following entries/exits, trailing stop-loss placement.
Pro Tip
Best on Nifty/Bank Nifty 15-min charts. Pair with RSI to filter weak signals.
Default Parameters
ATR Period: 10, Multiplier: 3
How it works
This indicator identifies and visualizes the dominant trend using smoothed price action. It helps cut through market noise to show the primary directional bias.
Practical Use
Quick visual trend identification on any timeframe.
Pro Tip
Use as a background context layer - only take trades that align with trend direction.
Default Parameters
Period: 20
How it works
ZigZag draws straight lines between swing points whenever price reverses by more than the set deviation. It removes minor noise to reveal the underlying structure. The last leg is not final and can repaint until a new reversal is confirmed.
Practical Use
Identifying market structure, Elliott Wave counts, Fibonacci retracement anchors, chart pattern spotting.
Pro Tip
Never trade the last ZigZag leg directly - it repaints. Use it for analysing past swings and drawing Fibonacci levels.
Default Parameters
Deviation: 5%
🌪 Volatility
Bands & Channels
How it works
APZ uses double smoothed price with a deviation band based on the double-smoothed ATR. The bands adapt more intelligently to the current volatility regime than standard Bollinger Bands.
Practical Use
Mean reversion signals, adaptive volatility bands.
Pro Tip
APZ works best in ranging markets - combine with a trend filter to avoid fighting trends.
Default Parameters
Period: 20, StdDev: 2
How it works
Bollinger Bands = SMA ± (2 × Standard Deviation). When bands are narrow (squeeze), volatility is low and a breakout is imminent.
Practical Use
Volatility measurement, breakout detection, mean reversion.
Pro Tip
The Bollinger Squeeze (bands at 6-month narrowest) is one of the highest-probability breakout setups.
Default Parameters
Period: 20, StdDev: 2
How it works
Upper band = N-period high, Lower band = N-period low, Middle = average of both. A breakout above the upper band signals bullish momentum. Made famous by the Turtle Traders.
Practical Use
Breakout trading, trend following, volatility measurement.
Pro Tip
Combine with volume - a Donchian breakout with high volume has much higher follow-through.
Default Parameters
Period: 20
How it works
High Low Bands draw upper and lower bands around a triangular moving average using a fixed percentage offset.
Practical Use
Dynamic support/resistance, trend following bands.
Pro Tip
Use the midline as a trailing exit point - exiting when price crosses back through the midline captures most of a trend.
Default Parameters
Period: 10, Percentage: 1
How it works
Keltner Channel = EMA ± (2 × ATR). The classic Squeeze trade: when Bollinger Bands move inside Keltner Channel, a significant volatility expansion is imminent.
Practical Use
Trend following, the Bollinger/Keltner squeeze, support/resistance.
Pro Tip
The Keltner Squeeze (BB inside KC) is one of the most powerful volatility breakout setups.
Default Parameters
EMA: 20, ATR Multiplier: 2
How it works
MA Envelopes = MA ± (MA × Percentage%). Unlike Bollinger Bands, the width is fixed (not volatility-adjusted). Price reaching the upper envelope may be overbought.
Practical Use
Overbought/oversold relative to trend, support/resistance.
Pro Tip
Backtest the percentage on your specific instrument - different stocks have different mean-reversion ranges.
Default Parameters
Period: 20, Percentage: 2.5
Volatility Measures
How it works
ATR = Average of True Range over N periods. True Range = max(High-Low, |High-Prev Close|, |Low-Prev Close|). Higher ATR = more volatile.
Practical Use
Stop-loss sizing, position sizing, volatility filter.
Pro Tip
Place stops at 1.5–2× ATR below swing lows - this accounts for normal volatility without premature stop-outs.
Default Parameters
Period: 14
How it works
Chaikin Volatility = ((EMA of (High-Low) - EMA N periods ago) / EMA N periods ago) × 100. Peaks in Chaikin Volatility often coincide with price bottoms.
Practical Use
Volatility cycle analysis, identifying compression before breakouts.
Pro Tip
Very low Chaikin Volatility (multi-month low) often precedes major directional moves.
Default Parameters
Period: 10, ROC Period: 10
How it works
Elder Thermometer records the day's High vs. previous High and Low vs. previous Low separately. Unusually large extensions indicate the market is running hot in that direction.
Practical Use
Identifying market extremes and potential reversals.
Pro Tip
When the Thermometer spikes to extreme levels, it often marks a near-term exhaustion point.
Default Parameters
Period: 2
How it works
HML = High - Low for each bar. It shows how wide each bar's trading range was, without accounting for gaps. Rising values mean expanding intraday volatility; falling values mean compression.
Practical Use
Quick volatility reading, spotting range expansion/contraction.
Pro Tip
A sudden spike in HML after a series of narrow bars often marks a breakout - confirm with volume.
How it works
HV = Standard deviation of log(Close/Prev Close) × v252 × 100 (annualized). Options traders compare HV to implied volatility to find cheap/expensive options.
Practical Use
Volatility measurement, options strategies, breakout anticipation.
Pro Tip
When HV is at a 52-week low, the market is coiling for a significant move - watch for a catalyst.
Default Parameters
Period: 20
How it works
Range = High - Low. The simplest measure of single-bar volatility. Comparing today's range to a moving average of range shows whether current conditions are more or less volatile.
Practical Use
Simple volatility measurement, unusual bar identification.
Pro Tip
Range bars much larger than the 20-bar average often indicate capitulation or exhaustion.
How it works
RIND compares today's range (high-low) to the range from close to previous close. High values indicate unusually large intraday movement relative to the overnight gap.
Practical Use
Detecting intraday breakout momentum.
Pro Tip
High RIND readings during breakouts confirm institutional participation - the move is likely to continue.
Default Parameters
Period: 9
How it works
Standard Deviation shows how much closing prices deviate from their N-period mean. High StdDev = volatile/trending; low StdDev = quiet/ranging.
Practical Use
Volatility measurement, Bollinger Band foundation, coil detection.
Pro Tip
StdDev at 6-month lows while price is in a tight range = high-probability breakout setup approaching.
Default Parameters
Period: 20
How it works
True Range = max(High - Low, |High - Previous Close|, |Low - Previous Close|). Accounts for overnight gaps that simple High-Low ignores.
Practical Use
Bar-by-bar volatility analysis, gap detection.
Pro Tip
A True Range spike that's 3× average ATR is a significant event - check for news/fundamentals.
📊 Volume
Breadth & Open Interest
How it works
Open Interest is the total number of outstanding futures or options contracts. Rising price + rising OI = new money entering (strong trend).
Practical Use
F&O analysis, trend strength, confirmation of breakouts in derivatives.
Pro Tip
Before Nifty option expiry, watch OI buildup at strikes to identify key support/resistance levels.
How it works
OI Profile plots a horizontal histogram of open interest at each price level, showing where traders have built the most futures/options positions. Heavy OI zones often act as strong support or resistance, since many participants have a stake in those prices.
Practical Use
Finding derivative support/resistance zones, spotting where positions are crowded.
Pro Tip
Price near a heavy OI level tends to stall or reverse; a decisive break with rising OI suggests fresh positions backing the move.
Default Parameters
Row Size: 24
Market Profile
How it works
TPO (Market Profile) stacks a letter for each time block a price trades, building a bell-shaped distribution of time at price. The Point of Control is the price with the most time spent, and the Value Area holds the set percentage of TPOs. It shows where the market accepts price as fair.
Practical Use
Intraday fair value, identifying balanced vs. trending days, initial balance levels.
Pro Tip
Prior day's POC and Value Area High/Low are strong reference levels - an open outside the previous value area often leads to a trending day.
Default Parameters
Block Size: 30 min, Value Area: 70%
Money Flow
How it works
ADL uses the Close Location Value multiplied by volume to create a running total. Rising ADL with rising price confirms the trend.
Practical Use
Trend confirmation, accumulation/distribution detection.
Pro Tip
ADL trending sideways during a price uptrend is an early warning that buying pressure is fading.
How it works
CMF = Sum(Close Location Value × Volume) / Sum(Volume). Values above zero = buying pressure; below zero = selling pressure.
Practical Use
Buying/selling pressure, trend confirmation, accumulation/distribution.
Pro Tip
CMF staying positive during a pullback confirms smart money is still accumulating - hold or add.
Default Parameters
Period: 21
How it works
Chaikin Oscillator = 3 EMA of ADL - 10 EMA of ADL. It measures the momentum of the Accumulation/Distribution Line.
Practical Use
AD momentum, divergence from price, breakout confirmation.
Pro Tip
A Chaikin Oscillator crossing zero on a price breakout confirms institutional participation.
Default Parameters
Fast: 3, Slow: 10
How it works
Force Index = (Close - Previous Close) × Volume. A 2-period EMA of this is used for short-term signals; a 13-period EMA for trend direction.
Practical Use
Trend strength, volume-weighted momentum, divergence.
Pro Tip
2-period Force Index dipping negative during an uptrend = pullback buying opportunity.
Default Parameters
Period: 2 or 13
How it works
MFI = RSI calculated using Typical Price × Volume instead of just price. Incorporates volume into momentum analysis, making it more complete than RSI alone.
Practical Use
Volume-weighted overbought/oversold, divergence analysis.
Pro Tip
MFI divergence is more powerful than RSI divergence because it confirms with volume backing.
Default Parameters
Period: 14
How it works
TMF improves on Chaikin Money Flow by using True Range (which accounts for gaps) instead of the simple High-Low range.
Practical Use
Money flow analysis with gap adjustment.
Pro Tip
TMF staying positive above 0.1 during a consolidation confirms institutional support of the trend.
Default Parameters
Period: 21
How it works
Similar to ADL but uses the relationship between today's close and yesterday's close to determine accumulation or distribution.
Practical Use
Accumulation/distribution analysis, divergence.
Pro Tip
WAD divergence at multi-month price highs has historically been a reliable warning signal.
Price-Volume Analysis
How it works
EoM = (Midpoint Move / Volume Ratio). High positive values: price is rising easily with little volume (light resistance). Rising EoM in an uptrend confirms the move is effortless.
Practical Use
Trend quality analysis, identifying effortless vs. labored moves.
Pro Tip
Declining EoM during an uptrend means price needs more and more volume to advance - a warning.
Default Parameters
Period: 14
How it works
MFI = (High - Low) / Volume. Measures how much price moves per unit of volume. High MFI = market is moving efficiently (trend likely strong). Low MFI = market is churning.
Practical Use
Trend efficiency analysis, volume/price relationship.
Pro Tip
Green bars (both MFI and Volume rising) in a trend are the highest-quality go-with-it signals.
How it works
NVI changes only on days when volume declines from the previous day. The theory is that on low-volume days, the 'smart money' (professionals) are in control.
Practical Use
Smart money tracking, long-term trend confirmation.
Pro Tip
NVI is a long-term indicator - look at it on weekly or monthly charts for significant signals.
How it works
OBV adds volume on up days and subtracts it on down days. When OBV makes new highs but price doesn't, institutions are accumulating.
Practical Use
Detecting accumulation/distribution, confirming breakouts.
Pro Tip
OBV breaking to new highs before price is the classic 'smart money' accumulation signal.
How it works
Companion to NVI. PVI changes only on high-volume days, which are associated with public/retail participation.
Practical Use
Crowd sentiment analysis, institutional vs. retail behavior.
Pro Tip
NVI up + PVI flat = quiet institutional accumulation before public awareness - watch for breakout.
How it works
PVT = Previous PVT + ((Close - Prev Close) / Prev Close × Volume). Unlike OBV which adds/subtracts all volume based on direction, PVT scales by the magnitude of the price change.
Practical Use
Volume-weighted trend analysis, divergence.
Pro Tip
PVT divergence tends to be more precise than OBV divergence because it accounts for move magnitude.
How it works
TVI adds volume when a trade occurs on an uptick and subtracts it on a downtick. Similar in concept to OBV but based on tick direction.
Practical Use
Intraday volume analysis, real-time buy/sell pressure.
Pro Tip
TVI diverging from price on a short-term basis often precedes quick reversals in intraday trading.
Default Parameters
Min Tick: 0.5
How it works
VWAP = Cumulative(Price × Volume) / Cumulative(Volume). Institutional traders use VWAP as their execution benchmark - they buy below VWAP and sell above.
Practical Use
Intraday trend direction, institutional benchmark, support/resistance.
Pro Tip
The most powerful intraday setups are VWAP reclaims - price dips below, then comes back above with volume.
Default Parameters
Session reset: Daily
Volume Analysis
How it works
Volume shows how many shares/contracts traded in each period. Rising price + rising volume = healthy move. Breakouts on 2× average volume have much higher follow-through.
Practical Use
Confirming price moves, breakout validation, distribution detection.
Pro Tip
If a stock makes new highs but volume is declining over weeks, distribution is likely occurring.
How it works
Volume Bubble plots circular markers directly on the price bars, with bubble size proportional to trading volume. Large bubbles at price extremes or breakouts are instantly noticeable.
Practical Use
Visual volume analysis directly on price chart.
Pro Tip
Very large bubbles at support/resistance levels indicate high-conviction institutional activity at those levels.
How it works
Simply a moving average of trading volume. The primary use is as a reference line on the volume histogram - bars above VOLMA indicate above-average volume.
Practical Use
Volume significance benchmark, breakout confirmation.
Pro Tip
Only consider breakouts significant when the breakout bar's volume is = 1.5× VOLMA
Default Parameters
Period: 20
How it works
Volume Oscillator = Fast Volume MA - Slow Volume MA. When the oscillator is positive, short-term volume is above long-term volume.
Practical Use
Confirming volume expansion on breakouts.
Pro Tip
A positive Volume Oscillator during a price breakout is strong confirmation; negative = suspect breakout.
Default Parameters
Fast: 5, Slow: 10
How it works
Volume Profile splits the price range into rows and totals the volume traded in each. The longest row is the Point of Control (POC), and the Value Area covers the prices holding the set percentage (usually 70%) of volume. High-volume nodes act as magnets/support-resistance; low-volume nodes are areas price tends to move through quickly.
Practical Use
Finding key support/resistance, fair value, and acceptance/rejection zones.
Pro Tip
Price returning to the POC often acts as a magnet; a break out of the Value Area with strong volume signals a potential trend move.
Default Parameters
Row Size: 24, Value Area: 70%
How it works
VROC = ((Volume - Volume N periods ago) / Volume N periods ago) × 100. High positive readings indicate a volume surge.
Practical Use
Volume surge detection, breakout confirmation.
Pro Tip
VROC spike above 300% combined with a price breakout = institutional involvement confirmed.
Default Parameters
Period: 25
How it works
Colors volume bars green when the close is above the previous close and red when below. Makes it immediately visual whether volume is predominantly associated with price rises or declines.
Practical Use
Quick visual buy/sell volume analysis.
Pro Tip
Heavy red volume during an uptrend pullback followed by a return to green volume is a buy signal.